List of Units

Thursday, November 15, 2018

UNIT 7 - FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM

What is Fire?

The rapid oxidation of a fuel evolving heat, particulates, gases and radiation.

FIRE TRIANGLE


There are four elements that must be present for a fire to exist.
There must be oxygen to sustain combustion, heat to raise the material to its ignition temperature, fuel to support the combustion and a chemical reaction between the other three elements.
Remove any one of the four elements to extinguish the fire.
The concept of Fire Protection is based upon keeping these four elements separate.

Sources of Ignition

Smoking
Electrical equipment
Heaters
Process machinery
Contractors tools and equipment
Arson

Fuels

Paper and boxes etc
Packaging (polystyrene beads etc)
Plastics
Solvents
Soft furnishings (Mattresses, cushions)
Furniture
Waste materials (rubbish, old pallets)

Classes of Fire

Class A – Fire in ordinary combustible materials such as wood, paper, clothing, plastics, trash etc. Here quenching and cooling effects of water or of solutions containing large percentage of water are of prime importance.

Class B – Fire in flammable liquids, like petrol, gasoline, paints etc. This category also includes liquids, such as propane and butane, but does not include fires involving cooking oil and grease.

Class C – Fires in flammable gases, methane, hydrogen, LPG etc.

Class D – Fires in combustible metals such as potassium, sodium, magnesium etc. Special extinguishing agents and techniques are needed for fires of this type.

Class E – Fires involving electrical equipment's – fires in or near live electrical equipments .

Class F – Fires involving cooking oils and fats. High efficiency deep fat fryers have necessitated the introduction of this class of fire separately. Class F fires differ from conventional liquid fires due to high temperatures involved. Carbon di oxide and multi purpose powder extinguishers are effective in extinguishing such fires.

Do Not Fight a Fire if


  • It is bigger than a waste paper bin
  • One extinguisher is not enough
  • Smoke is affecting your breathing
  • You cannot see the way out
  • Gas cylinders or chemicals are involved
  • Your efforts are not reducing the size of the fire
  • There is any risk to yourself


Basic Fire Prevention


  • Be mindful of Fire Safety
  • Don’t block fire exits, call points or  extinguishers, know your exits
  • No smoking policy
  • Take care with any hot process, follow manufacturers instructions
  • Maintain any machinery
  • Observe good security
  • Don’t wedge Fire Doors 
  • On Hearing the Alarm
  • This may include providing assistance to other persons and
  • evacuating area by area 


Extinguishing Fire


  • To extinguish a fire, one or more of the following steps should be taken.
  • Removing / limiting the supply of oxygen by-
  • Preventing air from entering the fire zone
  • Putting foam to prevent entry of fresh air.
  • Diluting air with a non-oxidizing gas such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, etc.
  • Stopping the supply of fuel.
  • Removing heat.
  • Interrupting the chemical chain reaction of the fire by using dry chemical agents.



Types of Extinguisher-Water


  • Red body
  • Suitable for use on Class A Fires, wood and paper etc
  • Not suitable for combustible liquids, cooking fats etc
  • Not safe to use on fires involving electricity
  • Extinguishes by cooling


Types of Extinguisher-Foam


  • Red Body with Cream label 
  • Suitable for Class A and B Fires (paper, wood and non-cooking fat flammable liquids)
  • Not suitable for use on fires involving electricity
  • Extinguishes by cooling and sealing the surface of a burning liquid


Types of Extinguisher-Powder


  • Red body with blue label
  • Best on Class B (non-cooking fat flammable liquids) fires but safe to use on any type of fire
  • Works by chemically interfering with the combustion reaction.


Types of Extinguisher-Carbon Dioxide


  • Red body with black label
  • Best on Class B (non-cooking fat flammable liquids) and Class C (flammable gases) fires but safe to use on any type of fire including those involving electricity
  • Extinguishes by reducing oxygen levels and cooling
  • Beware handle can become very cold (avoid touching in use)


Types of Extinguisher-Wet Chemical


  • Red body with Yellow Label
  • Suitable for class F cooking oil  fires
  • Not suitable for class B fires
  • Sprays foam as a fine mist to    form a layer over the oil
  • Extinguishes by cooling and converting the oil into a soap
  • Misting action prevents splashing of the oil
  • Requires specialist training to use





Types of Extinguisher-Fire Blanket

Any colour body or label but they are usually red or white
For use on any type of fire but best on small contained class B (flammable liquids, may include small cooking pans) fires and people on fire
Can be used on microwaves
Extinguishes by asphyxiating

How to Use an Extinguisher


Pull the pin this will allow you to discharge the extinguisher
Get the hose or nozzle ready for
use
Aim at the base of the fire to
hit the fuel…if you aim at the
flames the extinguishing agent
will pass through and do no
good

Squeeze the top handle, this
depresses a button that releases
the pressurised extinguishing
agent

Care and Maintenance of Fire Control Equipments

Lack of maintenance can lead to extinguishers not discharging when required, or rupturing when pressurised.
They should also be available and fully functional in case of emergency.
Proper testing and maintenance schedule must be followed to have all these effective at all time.
Comprehensive Maintenance programme includes 1. Inspection 2. Testing 3. Maintenance.

INSPECTION:
A visual inspection of a water based fire system is carried out to verify that it appears to be in operating condition and is free of physical damage.
The frequency of inspection varies based on specific needs.
TESTING:
It is a procedure to determine the status of as system by conducting physical checks on water based fire protection systems such as water flow test, fire pump tests, alarm test etc.
Care and Maintenance of Fire Control Equipments
MAINTENANCE:
It is the work performed to keep equipment in operable condition by making repairs or replacing, if required. Fire extinguishers should be maintained at regular intervals, at least once a year.

Fire control equipments

Fire extinguisher

Is an active fire protection device used to extinguish or control small fires, often in emergency situation

Hydrant and fire hose reel

A Fire Hydrant System in an effective and efficient means of extinguishing large fires, which can otherwise cause devastation.
Hydrant System enables the fire fighter to attack the seat of the fire from a distance.

Smoke detector and heat detector

Is a device that senses smoke, and heat typically as an indicator of fire.
Be signal to a fire alarm control panel

Fire alarm

Is a set of equipment working together to detect and alert people through visual and audio appliances when smoke or fire is present
Active from smoke , heat detector, water flow sensors which are automatic or from manual fire alarm pull station

Water sprinkler

Is the component of a fire sprinkler system that discharges water when the effects of a fire have been detected

Fire blanket

Fire blankets can be used to extinguish small fires in the home, caravan, boat or garage.
Also be used to wrap around a person whose clothes have caught alight.

STEPS TO MAKE HOTEL FIRE SAFE


  1. To install appropriate fire fighting system in hotel.
  2. To provide fire extinguishers in kitchens.
  3. To provide sprinkler systems in required areas.
  4. To provide smoke detectors and fire signals.
  5. To have flame proof motors in pumps and other such motor operated equipment located in the basement adjacent to control room.
  6. To provide very good electric system.
  7. Regular maintenance of water boilers, geysers, AC plants etc.
  8. Staff should be trained to handle fire hazards.
  9. Ensure that the valves of the gas bank are shut off after the kitchen closes.
  10. Regular scheduled maintenance of all fire fighting equipments.

LEGAL REQUIREMENTS


  • Every hotel has to obtain fire safety certificate from local  fire services authorities.
  • The restaurants and hotels with seating capacity of 50 or more persons are required to ensure fire safety measures in place irrespective of the height of the building.
  • The restaurants are required to have a minimum fire safety device as specified by the local fire services department as follows:
  • An underground water tank of 50,000 liters capacity.
  • A terrace water tank of 5000 liters capacity for hose reel and 10,000 liters capacity if sprinklers are not provided.
  • If the covered area is more than 1500 sq. m or seating capacity is more than 1000 persons there should be a sprinkler system.
  • The fire water pump and fire water line have to be painted red.
  • The telephone numbers of the nearby Fire Stations are to be displayed in the reception area.


43 comments:

  1. Good day !!
    We are Christian Organization formed to help people in need of help,such as
    financial assistance, Do you need a loan to pay your bills? Do you need
    Personal Business Car or Student loans? Need a loan for various other
    purposes? If yes contact us today.
    Please these is for serious minded and God fearing People.
    Email: (jacksonwaltonloancompany@gmail.com)
    Text or call: +1-586-331-5557.
    Address is 68 Fremont Ave Penrose CO, 81240.

    ReplyDelete
  2. Thanks for sharing such information, nice info-graphics.. For more information in reference to Fire Alarm System refer Fire Alarm and Detection Systems.

    ReplyDelete

  3. one of the best info .thanks for sharing once again thanks for sharing keep hustling and wea re also giving some safety courses you can checkout us or refer a friend who need this

    NEBOSH Safety Course in Chennai
    NEBOSH Course in Chennai
    Safety Audit Consultants
    Electrical Safety Audit
    IOSH Course in Chennai
    Safety Courses in Chennai
    Fire and Safety Course in Chennai
    Safety Institute in Chennai

    ReplyDelete
  4. safety inspection

    https://www.safety-innovations.sa.com/

    Welcome to Safety Innovations Company. We provide the fire equipment and system maintenance services in Dammam. Safety-innovations are a leading Safety engineering system & Safety consultant in Saudi Arabia.

    ReplyDelete
  5. Nice blog, for more information in reference to Fire Fighting Systems do read at Fire Protection Contractors.

    ReplyDelete
  6. Thanks for posting this blog, I am very impressed with your blog and it is very useful for me and other. Please visit at Airconditioning repairs We are leading one best Airconditioning repairs, Airconditioning and HVAC in London at fixy247.com.This offer is for Mitsubishi conditioning systems consisting of indoor wall mount and outdoor compressor unit, and installation. Call us 24/7 - 0207 1 297 567 for the latest offer. Click here - https://fixy247.com/aircon-survey.html

    ReplyDelete
  7. Thanks for posting this info. I just want to let you know that I just check out your site and I find it very interesting and informative. I can't wait to read lots of your posts. Fire alarm systems

    ReplyDelete
  8. I am hoping the same best effort from you in the future as well. In fact your creative writing skills has inspired me. Sprinklers

    ReplyDelete
  9. You know your projects stand out of the herd. There is something special about them. It seems to me all of them are really brilliant! יועץ בטיחות בראשון לציון

    ReplyDelete
  10. Hello
    I Read your article. Thanks for sharing such beautiful information, and I hope you will share some more information about Fire Extinguisher Service. You wrote really very well, I really like your blog and information provided by you. I appreciate your work.
    Thanks

    ReplyDelete
  11. Detailed and descriptive articles written in this blog is really very helpful for me as well as for other who seeking such kind of knowledge. It is definitely going to become useful in coming future.Fire Alarm System Requirements

    ReplyDelete
  12. Very useful post on fire safety equipment and their uses. Having proper fire safety equipments ready and emergency exit safety signs can be life saving. We are into safety equipment product sales and posts like these helps us to learn and increase our knowledge about safety procedures. Thanks a lot.

    ReplyDelete
  13. I was surfing the Internet for information and came across your blog. I am impressed by the information you have on this blog. It shows how well you understand this subject. Fire Extinguisher Holder

    ReplyDelete
  14. I read your blog on daily basis. This is really great and informative post. Thanks for sharing.
    Fire Extinguisher Maintenance London

    ReplyDelete
  15. Thank you for sharing your thoughts and knowledge on this topic. This is really helpful and informative, as this gave me more insight to create more ideas and solutions for my plan. I would love to see more updates from you.
    industrial Fire Protection Equipment for sale 

    ReplyDelete
  16. Interesting article! Thank you for sharing them! I hope you will continue to have similar posts to share with everyone.

    STP Suppliers in Bhubaneswar

    ReplyDelete
  17. Best share and helpful for students. IT student can join job based training and internship at Softgrowth.
    For more details visit https://softgrowthinfotech.com

    ReplyDelete
  18. It’s a great pleasure reading your post. It’s useful information. It was awesome article to read. Complete rich content and fully informative. Thanks for sharing this article here. Fire Smoke Detector.

    ReplyDelete
  19. It is actually a great and helpful piece of information. I’m happy to find your blog. Please stay us informed like this. Thanks for sharing.
    fire fighting system in nashik

    ReplyDelete
  20. This is a great inspiring article.I am pretty much pleased with your good work.
    You put really very helpful information...best fire extinguisher

    ReplyDelete
  21. Searching for the best headphones sound experience Worry No More! With our guide here, choosing the right one will be easy for you Read here...best bluetooth earbuds

    ReplyDelete
  22. Thanks for give me this information really this product is very effective. ISO 45001 Certification Cost

    ReplyDelete
  23. This blog information is very good. Nice blog.
    Efficient Fire and Security Solutions Private Limited is the best Fire safety audit Services provider, company in Pune, Mumbai, Nashik, Chennai, Bangalore, Kolkata, Delhi, Gujarat, Indore, Karnataka, Maharashtra, India. We provide best Fire safety Services design at best cost.
    Visit Here To Know More:
    Fire Safety Audit Services in Pune

    ReplyDelete
  24. Great post. Thanks for such an informative blog. Keep writing for us. Also, visit at Fire and Safety Equipment Suppliers in Dubai.

    ReplyDelete
  25. Thanks for sharing such beautiful information with us. I hope you will share some more information aboutfire Fighting Equipment Dealers in Maharashtra. Please keep sharing.

    ReplyDelete
  26. I really love it and amazing information in this blog. it's really good and great information well done.
    fire fighting sprinkler system manufacturer in Maharashtra

    ReplyDelete
  27. This comment has been removed by the author.

    ReplyDelete
  28. Online Betting - Best Betting Sites - FBCASINO.COM
    FBCASINO.COM provides kadangpintar a comprehensive guide to online betting 바카라 사이트 in Canada, including how to place a deposit, withdraw, งานออนไลน์ and more!

    ReplyDelete
  29. I think this is an informative post and it is very useful and knowledgeable. therefore, I would like to thank you for the efforts you have made in writing this article. Fire Hydrant Flow testing

    ReplyDelete
  30. EX Falme is a TOP Fire Extinguisher Manufacturers in India. We have a team of professional engineers & experts who are adept in the manufacturing process. They are highly efficient in Fire Extinguisher providing extra security and safety features. Our experts are committed to provide our clients with the best products and solutions by always meeting up with the high quality standards. We also Provide Landing Valve, Branch Pipe, First Aid Hose Reel, Fire Man Axe, Air Vessel Tank, Armoured Cables, Foam Equipment, Fire Accessories, Air Release Valve these products at market best price.

    ReplyDelete
  31. Nice Post. Thanks for sharing this information with us. We are leading Thermoplastic Hose Pipe Manufacturers named as Navnidhi Metalogs.

    ReplyDelete
  32. Nice Post. Thanks for sharing this information with us sell used furniture dubai

    ReplyDelete
  33. Wow, this article on "UNIT 7 - FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM" is incredibly informative and well-organized! I appreciate the thorough breakdown of the fire triangle and the emphasis on keeping the four elements separate for effective fire protection. the section on "STEPS TO MAKE HOTEL FIRE SAFE" is valuable, outlining measures for installing fire-fighting systems, providing appropriate Fire Equipment Testing, and ensuring staff training. The incorporation of legal requirements for hotels and restaurants, such as obtaining a fire safety certificate and following specific device and tank capacity regulations, adds a necessary layer of real-world application.

    ReplyDelete
  34. Great article! The dedication of our firefighters in conducting these drills is commendable. Regular training with firefighter tools is essential for preparedness and safety, ensuring they are always ready to protect and serve our communities effectively.

    ReplyDelete